[Event "London 1851."]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1851.09.21"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Adolf Anderssen"]
[Black "Howard Staunton"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B43"]
[Annotator "Coffey,John"]
1. e4 c5 2. d4 (2. Nf3 {Houdini considers this to be only slightly better.})
2... cxd4 3. Nf3 (3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qd3 {
With a minuscule advantage according to Houdini.}) (3. c3 dxc3 4. Nxc3 Nc6 {
Houdini thinks is equal.}) 3... e6 (3... e5 {Make more sense.} 4. Bc4 (4. Nxe5
?? Qa5+) 4... Nf6 5. O-O Qc7 6. Qe2 =) 4. Nxd4 Bc5?! {Houdini thinks that
this is much worse than natural moves like Nc6 or Nf6. Now Be3 would have the
threat of Nxe6.} 5. Nc3 (5. Nb5 {or Be3 gives white a slight advantage.}) 5...
a6?! (5... Qb6 6. Na4 (6. Be3!? Nc6 (6... Qxb2?? 7. Ndb5 Bxe3 8. Rb1) 7. Na4
Qa5+ 8. c3) 6... Qa5+ 7. c3 Bxd4 8. Qxd4 {
with just a slight advantage for white.}) 6. Be3 {Threatening Nxe6.} (6. Bf4 {
Is minuscule better.} Qb6? 7. Na4 Qa5+ 8. c3 Bxd4? 9. Qxd4 {Threatening g7.
} Nf6 10. Qb4 {with the possibility of Nb6. We can see that Black's dark
squares are really weak.}) 6... Ba7 {Violates opening principles by moving the
piece twice in the opening. Instead d6, Bb4 and Qc7 were better.} 7. Bd3 {
e5 is better. Qg4 is the strongest.} (7. Qg4 Qf6 (7... Nf6 8. Qxg7 {Is winning.
}) (7... g6 {
White plays e5 or Qg3 or O-O-O and he is dominating the dark squares.}) 8. e5
! Nh6 (8... Qxe5 9. Nf3 Qf5 (9... Qf6 10. Bg5 Qg6 11. Ne4 Nh6 12. Nd6+ Kf8 13.
Qf4) 10. Qxg7 Qf6 11. Bh6! {is winning.} Bxf2+ 12. Ke2! (12. Kxf2?? Nxh6
13. Qxf6 Ng4+)) 9. Qe4 Qg6 10. h3! Nc6 11. Nxc6 bxc6 {
White has the better game.} 12. g4! Bxe3?! {
Black can't afford to get greedy.} 13. Qxe3 Qxc2?? 14. Rb1 {
with the threat of Bd3.} Qg6 15. Bd3 f5 16. exf6 Qxf6 17. g5 Nf5? 18. gxf6
Nxe3 19. fxg7) 7... Ne7 {Black seems to not care about his dark squares.} (7...
d6 {is better.} 8. Qg4?! Nf6 9. Qxg7 Rg8 10. Qh6 Rxg2) 8. O-O (8. Qg4 {
is slightly stronger.} O-O 9. e5 Qc7 {White has a choice of Qg3, Qh5, Qh3 and
even O-O with a slightly better game because of his strength on the kingside.}
10. O-O!? Qxe5?! 11. Nf3 f5 (11... h5 12. Qb4 Nbc6 (12... Qf6?? 13. Bg5) 13.
Qxe7) (11... Qa5 12. Bxa7 Rxa7 13. b4 Qc7? 14. Bxh7+ Kh8 (14... Kxh7 15. Qh5+
Kg8 16. Ng5 Rd8 17. Qxf7+ Kh8 18. Nce4 Qe5 (18... b5?? 19. Qh5+ Kg8 20. Nf6+)
19. Qxe7) 15. Qh5 Qf4 16. Ng5 g6 17. Bxg6+ Kg7 18. Qh7+ Kf6 19. Nce4+ Ke5 20.
Qg7+ f6 21. Qxe7 d5 22. Qc7+ Kd4 23. Qc3#) (11... Qf6 12. Bg5) (11... Qc7 12.
Bxh7+ Kxh7 (12... Kh8 13. Qh5 Ng8 14. Bxg8+ Kxg8 15. Ng5 Rd8 16. Qxf7+ Kh8 17.
Nd5! exd5 18. Qh5+ Kg8 19. Qh7+ Kf8 20. Qh8+ Ke7 21. Qxg7+ Kd6 22. Qf6#) 13.
Qh5+ Kg8 14. Ng5 Rd8 15. Qxf7+ Kh8 16. Nce4 {
With the threat of Nf6 or Qh5+ and then Nf6.} Qe5 17. Qxe7 Nc6 18. Nf7+) 12.
Nxe5 fxg4 {0.22/23} 13. Bxa7 Rxa7 14. Ne4 d5 15. Nd6 Nbc6 16. Nxc8 Nxc8 17.
Rae1 Re8 18. Nxg4) 8... O-O (8... d6 {
Is slightly better because it prevents e5 and if white were to play} 9. Qg4?!
O-O {Has the threat of Bxd4 (to prevent Nf5 followed by Bg5), Bxd4 e5.}) 9. Qh5
(9. e5 {is slightly stronger.}) 9... Ng6 (9... d6 {is a little better.}) 10. e5
{Prior to London 1851, the first international chess tournament, Howard
Staunton was considered to be the best player in the world. By winning the
tournament and in this game beating Staunton, the German Adolf Anderssen
dominated the game until Paul Morphy came along. After Morphy retired,
Anderssen was still considered to be the best active player in the world.
However, the best player in the world missed that Nf3 potentially going to g5
is very strong and he continues to miss this for the next two moves.} (10. Nf3
Nc6 11. e5 Bxe3 12. fxe3 h6 13. Ne4 {With a strong position. Now if ...} Nce7
14. Rae1 d5 (14... Qb6?? 15. Nf6+ gxf6 (15... Kh8 16. Ng5 Qb4 17. Ng4 Kg8 18.
Bxg6 Nxg6 (18... fxg6 19. Nxh6+ gxh6 (19... Kh8 20. Rxf8+) 20. Qxh6 Rf7 21.
Rxf7 Qxe1+ 22. Rf1 Qxe3+ 23. Kh1) 19. Nxf7 Rxf7 20. Qxg6 Rf8 (20... Rxf1+ 21.
Rxf1 Kh8 22. Nxh6 gxh6 23. Qxh6+ Kg8 24. Qg5+ Kh8 25. c3 Qc5 (25... Qxb2 26.
Qh6+) 26. Rf3) 21. Nf6+ Rxf6 22. exf6 Qf8 23. fxg7 Qxg7 24. Qe8+ Kh7 25. Rf7)
16. exf6 Nf5 17. Ne5 Nxe5 (17... Kh7 18. Ng4) 18. Bxf5 exf5 19. Qxh6) 15. exd6
Nf5 (15... Nc6 16. g4 Qd7 17. g5 e5 18. gxh6 Qh3 19. Ng3 Bg4 20. Qxh3 Bxh3 21.
hxg7 Kxg7 22. Rf2 {With a winning advantage.}) (15... Nd5 16. Nfg5 Ne5 17. Nxe6
Bxe6 18. Qxe5 {With a winning advantage.}) 16. c4 Nxd6 17. Nxd6 Qxd6 18. Bxg6
fxg6 19. Qxg6 {With a strong advantage.}) 10... Qc7 (10... Bxd4 {
Houdini thinks that this is Black's only chance of survival.} 11. Bxd4 Nc6 12.
Bc5 Ncxe5 (12... Re8 13. f4 b6 14. Ba3 Bb7 15. Ne4 Qh4 16. Qxh4 Nxh4 17. Nd6
Reb8 18. Be4 {is strong for white.} Ra7 19. g3 Ng6 20. Nxb7 Rbxb7 21. Bd6 Ra8
22. f5 Nf8? (22... Ngxe5 23. fxe6 fxe6 24. Bxe5) (22... Nh8 23. Rae1 a5 24.
g4) 23. Bxf8 Rxf8 (23... Kxf8 24. fxe6) 24. fxe6) 13. Bxf8 Qxf8 {
With just a slight advantage to white.}) 11. Rae1 (11. Nf3 {
Is now winning. This leads to some rather long variations.} Nc6 (11... h6 12.
Bxh6 gxh6 13. Qxh6 d5 14. exd6 Qd7 15. Ne5 Qxd6 16. Nxg6 f5 17. Bxf5 Rxf5 18.
Ne4 Qd4 19. Ne7+ Kf7 20. Qh7+ Ke8 (20... Qg7 21. Nd6+ Kf6 (21... Kf8 22. Ng6+)
22. Ng8+) 21. Nxc8 Nc6 22. Rad1 Qe5 (22... Qxe4? 23. Qg8+ Rf8 24. Nd6+) 23.
Qg8+ Rf8 24. Qg6+ Rf7 25. Ned6+ Kd8 26. Qg8+ Rf8 27. Qxf8+ Kc7 (27... Kd7 28.
Qe8+ Kc7 29. Nb5+ axb5 30. Rd7+) 28. Qf7+ Kd8 29. Nb5+ Kxc8 30. Qe8+) 12. Ng5
h6 13. Nxf7 Rxf7 14. Qxg6 {This alone is enough to see that white is better.
To understand that White is crushing black then we have to look much deeper.}
Kf8 15. Qh7 {Rae1 is also good.} Nxe5 16. Bxa7 Rxa7 17. Rae1 d6 18. Qh8+ Ke7
19. Rxe5! dxe5 20. Bg6 Bd7 21. Qg8 Be8 22. Bxf7 Bxf7 23. Qxg7 {
White at the very least will pick up some pawns on the king side.} Ra8 24. Ne4
Rd8 (24... Rg8 25. Qf6+ Ke8 (25... Kf8?? 26. Rd1 Ke8 27. Nd6+ Kf8 28. Nxf7 Rg6
(28... Qe7 29. Rd8+) 29. Qxg6 Qxf7 30. Qxh6+ Ke7 (30... Ke8 31. Qh8+) 31. Qg5+)
26. Rd1! Rg6 27. Qh8+ Ke7 28. h4 h5 29. Rd2 {
Other choices are good too. With the idea of Nd6 and Nc8+.}) 25. c3 Qb6 (25...
h5?! 26. Ng5 Rf8 (26... Ke8 27. Nxe6) 27. Rd1 (27. Nxe6!?) 27... e4 28. Nxe6)
26. Qxh6 {Qf6+ first transposes to the interesting line that follows...} Qxb2
27. Qh4+ Ke8 28. Qh8+ Ke7 29. Qf6+ Ke8 30. Ng5 Rd7 (30... Bg8 31. Qg7) 31. Qh8+
Ke7 32. Qg7 Ke8 33. Nh7 Kd8 (33... Rc7 34. Rd1 Qa3 35. Qh8+) 34. Nf6 Qd2 (34...
Re7 35. Qf8+ Be8 36. Rd1+) (34... Rc7 35. Qf8+) (34... Be8 35. Nxd7 Bxd7 36.
Rd1 Qb5 37. h4) 35. Nxd7 Qxd7 36. h4 {Qxe5 is also good.}) 11... b5 {
Taking the knight on d4 was the only hope.} 12. f4 {
For reasons we have already seen, Nf3 is winning.} Bb7 {The best. Black no
longer fears Nf3 because of Bxe3+, Rxe3 Qb6 (h6 will transpose), Nd1 h6, Bxg6
fxg6, Qxg6 Rxf4.} 13. Ne4 (13. f5 {Is stronger.} Qxe5 (13... Nxe5 14. fxe6 Nxd3
15. Rxf7 {Threatening Rxf8+ and Qf7#} Nc6 {To connect the rooks.} 16. Nf5 Qe5
17. cxd3 {With strong threats. For example ...} Rxf7 (17... Kh8 18. Ne4 Rxf7 (
18... Qxe6 19. Nf6 h6 (19... Qxf6 20. Rxf6 gxf6 (20... Rxf6 21. Bxa7) 21. Bxa7
Nxa7 (21... Rxa7 22. Qh6) 22. Re7) 20. Qxh6+) (18... Bxe3+ 19. Rxe3 Rxf7 (19...
Qxb2 20. Ng5 Qc1+ 21. Kf2 h6 22. Nxh6 Qd2+ 23. Kg3 Qxe3+ 24. Kh4 Qe1+ 25. g3
Qb4+ (25... Qxe6 26. Rxf8+ Rxf8 27. Nhf7+) 26. Ng4+) (19... Kg8 20. Rh3 dxe6
21. Nf6+ Qxf6 22. Rxf6 Rxf6 (22... h6 23. Nxh6+) 23. Qxh7+) (19... h6 20. Rxg7
Qxg7 21. Nxg7) 20. Ng5) (18... dxe6 19. Ng5 Qxf5 20. Rxf5 h6 21. Qg6) (18...
Qxb2 19. Ng5 Bxe3+ 20. Rxe3 Qc1+ 21. Kf2 h6 22. Nxh6 Qd2+ 23. Kg3 Qxe3+ 24. Kh4
Qe1+ 25. g3) 19. Ng5 g6 (19... Qxf5 20. Nxf7+) 20. Nxf7+ Kg8 21. Ne7+ Kf8 (
21... Kg7 22. Qh6+ Kf6 23. Nxe5) (21... Nxe7 22. Nh6+) (21... Kg7 22. Qh6+ Kf6
23. Nxe5) 22. Qxh7 Qxe3+ (22... Qg7 23. Nxg6+) (22... Bxe3+ 23. Kh1 Qh5 (23...
Kxe7 24. Nxe5+) (23... Qg7 24. Nxg6+) (23... Qf6 24. Nxg6+) (23... Qxe6 24.
Nxg6+) 24. Nxg6+) (22... Qxe6 23. Nxg6+) 23. Rxe3 Bxe3+ 24. Kf1 Kxe7 (24... Nd8
25. Nxg6+) (24... Ne5 25. Nxe5 Ke8 26. Nd5) 25. Ng5+ Kd6 (25... Kf6? 26. Ne4+
Kf5 (26... Kxe6 27. Qxg6+ Ke5 28. Qf6+) 27. g4+ Kf4 (27... Kxe6 28. Qxg6+) 28.
Qf7+ Ke5 (28... Kxg4 29. Qxg6+ Bg5 (29... Kf4 30. Qg5+) (29... Kh4 30. Nf6) 30.
Qxg5+) 29. Qg7+ Kf4 (29... Kxe6 30. Qf6+) (29... Kd5 30. Qxd7+) 30. Qf6+ Kxg4
31. Qxg6+) 26. Qxd7+) 18. Qxf7+ Kh8 19. exd7 Rg8 20. d4 Bxd4 21. Nxd4 Nd8 (
21... Nxd4 22. Qxg8+) 22. Qf5) 14. Bf2 Qf6 15. fxg6 {
Wins a piece but black gets some material back...} fxg6 16. Qg4 h5 17. Qxg6
Qxg6 18. Bxg6 Rxf2! 19. Kxf2 Bxd4+ 20. Kg3 h4+ 21. Kh3 {
White has an advantage.}) 13... Bxe4 14. Bxe4 Nc6 15. Nxc6 (15. c3 {Gives white
more of an advantage because he doesn't have to worry about the pin on the e3
bishop which might be used later to attack the black king.}) 15... dxc6 16. g4
(16. Kh1 {Gives a slight advantage because of the potential attack on the king
side and it eliminates the pin problem after black plays Bxe3, Rxe3 and a move
like Qa7 or Qb6.}) 16... Rad8 (16... Bxe3+ 17. Rxe3 Qb6 18. Rfe1 (18. Qh3 {
Equalizes because the pin is a problem for white.}) 18... Rfd8 19. Kf1 (19. Kh1
?? Qxe3 20. Rxe3 Rd1+ 21. Kg2 Nxf4+) 19... Rd1! 20. R3e2 Qd4 {
Black has plenty of initiative and white has none.}) 17. Kh1 {Why is the only
move that gives white an advantage here? Wouldn't he like to play f5?} (17. f5
? Bxe3+ 18. Rxe3 Qa7 {The pin is too troubling.} 19. Rff3 Nxe5 {
With the threat of Nc4.} 20. Rh3 h6 21. g5 Nc4 22. gxh6 Nxe3 {Black is winning.
} 23. hxg7? Ng4+ {Forces mate.}) 17... c5 (17... Rfe8 {
Both Rfe8 and Bxe3 would help black withstand the coming onslaught.}) 18. Rf3 (
18. f5 {Is stronger.} Nxe5 (18... Qxe5 19. Bg2 Ne7 (19... Qxb2 20. fxg6) (19...
exf5 20. gxf5 Ne7 21. Bg5) 20. Bg5 Qc7 21. f6 gxf6 22. Bxf6 Bb8 {
With the idea of Qxh2+.} 23. Re5! {Wins.}) 19. f6 Ng6 20. fxg7 Kxg7 (20...
Rfe8 21. Rf3 {Looks simple enough.} f5 {Complicates things.} 22. gxf5 exf5 23.
Bxf5 Qxg7 (23... Re5 24. Rg1 Qxg7 {Is roughly the same.}) 24. Rg1 Rd6 25. Bf4 {
It is minuscule better to chase the rook first.} Rc6 26. Bh6 {Is crushing.})
21. Bg5 {0} f6 22. Bh6+ Kh8 23. Bxf8 Nxf8 (23... Rxf8 24. Bxg6) 24. Rxf6 Bb8
25. Rf7 Qxh2+) 18... Qa5 {All other choices succumb to f5 and f6 or Rh3 and g5.
So why does 18. ... Qa5 prevent immediate disaster? The plan is to gain a
couple of tempos to eliminate one of White's bishops that can be used to
attack the king. After Ref1 Qb4, Bd3 c4 one of the bishops will fall or be
traded.} (18... c4? 19. Bxa7 Qxa7 20. f5 Nxe5 21. f6 Ng6 22. Rh3 h6 23. fxg7
Kxg7 24. Qxh6+ Kf6 {White goes on a lengthy king hunt.} 25. Bxg6 Ke7 (25...
fxg6? 26. Qh4+ Kf7 27. Qh7+ Kf6 28. g5+ Kf5 (28... Kxg5 29. Qh4+ Kf5 30. Rf3#
) 29. Rf3+ Kxg5 30. Rg3+ Kf4 (30... Kf6 31. Qxg6+ Ke7 32. Qxe6#) (30... Kf5 31.
Qxg6+ Kf4 32. Qe4#) 31. Qh6+ Kf5 32. Qg5#) 26. Rf3 Qb6 (26... fxg6?? 27. Qg7+
Kd6 28. Qxa7) 27. Qg7 Qc6 28. Qf6+ Kd7 29. Bxf7 Kc7 30. Rxe6 Qc5 31. Re7+ Kb8
32. Qf4+ Qd6 (32... Rd6 33. Rd7) (32... Kc8 33. Be6+) (32... Ka8 33. Qe4+) 33.
Qxd6+ {The computer prefers Qe4 but then white has to endure a bunch of checks
and it is far simpler to just trade queens.} Rxd6 34. g5) 19. Ref1 {The correct
move because we will see later that the rook will be useful on f3 after the
other rook goes to h3. It is either this or Rg1 or Rff1 or c3 or Bf2 (which
disallows a later Bh6) c4, Bg3.} Qa4 {Rh3 h6 is imminent and maybe at some
point Bxg6 or g5. Oddly enough, Qa4 is the losing move. Qb4 which doesn't look
much different, maintains near equality because after Bd3 black can play c4
and bring his queen back to e7 to defend the king side.} 20. Bd3 {
Obviously Rh3 doesn't work because it hangs the bishop with check.} Qxa2 (20...
c4 {Is slightly better because it allows black to eliminate one of the bishops
that will be used to attack his king.}) 21. Rh3 h6 22. g5 (22. Bxg6 {Doesn't wo
rk as well because it gives black time to play Qd5+ and Qd7 which helps defend
g7 now that the f7 pawn has moved. After this black can try for c4 to try to
trade off the dark square bishop that can be used in the attack.}) 22... Rxd3
23. cxd3 Qd5+ {The best chance to slow the onslaught.} 24. Rff3 {The problem
with Kg1 is that black has time to play Ra8 and c4 denying white's dark square
bishop a chance to participate in the attack. White is still winning, but not
as quickly.} Ne7 {Apparently all choices are bad.} (24... Rb8 {
Allows black to survive a little longer.}) (24... Qxd3 {Also allows black to
survive longer because he can harass the white king with checks.}) 25. gxh6 g6
{To prevent hxg7.} 26. h7+ (26. Qg5 {Also wins.}) 26... Kh8 (26... Kg7?? 27.
h8=Q+) 27. Qg5 {Better than Qh4 because if f6 or f5, exf6 Nf5, Qxg6.} Nf5 (
27... f6 28. exf6 Nf5 (28... Qxg5 29. fxg5 {
Prevents mate but this position is just too good for white.} Nf5 30. f7 Nxe3 (
30... Rxf7 31. Bf4 Rxh7 32. Be5+ Kg8 33. Rxh7 Kxh7 34. Rh3+ Kg8 35. Rh8+ Kf7
36. Rh7+) 31. Rxe3 Rxf7 32. Rxe6 Rf8 33. Rxa6 Bb8 34. Rxg6 Be5 35. b3 Bg7 36.
Kg2 Rc8 37. Ra6) 29. Qxg6 Qb7 {Prevents mate but the position is lost.} (29...
Qd7?? 30. Rfg3 Qb7+ (30... Qf7? 31. Qg8+ Rxg8 32. hxg8=Q#) 31. Kg1 Nxg3 32.
Rxg3 Qf7 33. Qg7+)) 28. Qf6+ {Forces mate in all variations.} Ng7 29. f5 Qb3 (
29... g5 30. Bxg5 Qxe5 31. Qxe5 Bb8 32. Qxb8 {Or Qf6.} Rxb8 33. Bf6 Rg8 34.
Rfg3 b4 35. hxg8=Q+ Kxg8 36. Rxg7+) 30. Bh6 Qd1+ 31. Kg2 Qe2+ 32. Rf2 {
The checks mean nothing.} 1-0
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